“When the NDA government took over the reins in 2014, the economy was in a crisis. We faced the hydra-headed challenge of fixing an economy that was mismanaged for a decade, and restoring its fundamentals to sound health,” the White Paper said.

It goes on to present a 'Then and Now' scenario of the comparison to drive home its point:

* Then, the world had lost confidence in India's economic potential and dynamism; now, with our economic stability and growth prospects, we inspire hope in others. It cites the perceptions of two major international organisations.

* Then, we had a scam-riddled 12-day Commonwealth Games; now, we successfully hosted a far-bigger and year-long G20 Presidency in 2023, showcasing India at its best in terms of content, consensus and logistics, providing acceptable solutions to global problems.

* Then, we had 2G scam; now, we have extensive coverage of the population under 4G with the lowest rates and the world's fastest rollout of 5G in 2023.

* Then, we had the Coalgate scam; now, we have built systems for transparent and objective auctions for harnessing natural resources to boost the economy and the public finances.

* Then we provided gold import license for a chosen few; now, we have set up a bullion exchange in GIFT IFSC with a transparent mechanism for import.

* Then, we had the economy facing a 'twin balance sheet problem'; now, we have turned the economy to having a 'twin balance sheet advantage' for companies as well as banking sector with ample capacity to ramp up investments and credit and generate employment.

* Then, we had double-digit inflation; now, inflation has been brought down to little over 5 per cent.

* Then, we had a foreign exchange crisis; now, we have record foreign exchange reserves of over USD 620 billion.

* Then, we had 'policy-paralysis'; infrastructure was not a priority; now, the wheels of the virtuous cycle of 'investment, growth, employment and entrepreneurship, and savings' leading to more investments and productivity has been set into fast motion.

* Then, we had sporadic coverage of development programmes; now, we have 'saturation coverage' for providing basic necessities for all, with measured, targeted, and inclusive support for the needy and empowerment of all to pursue their aspirations.

* In sum, the progress achieved in the ten years of our government has overcome the malaise and paralysis of the previous ten years of the UPA government.

In 2024, confidence and purpose have replaced the diffidence and drift of 2014, the paper stated as it listed selected socio-economic indicators such as the alleviation of poverty and creation of more employment.

“Our government, armed with political and policy stability, recognised the need to make tough decisions for the greater economic good… Rather than employing quick fixes, we undertook bold reforms to nurture the coming decades of economic performance,” it said.

Contrasting its style of functioning with the UPA, the White Paper asserted that the Modi government, unlike its predecessor, invested in the foundations of the economy along with building a sturdy superstructure.

The White Paper concludes by saying that the government will not rest on its past laurels as the goal is to make India a "developed nation by 2047".